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The Blue Bridge, also known as the Cross Canyon Bridge, is a curved pedestrian and bicycle bridge connecting the north and south halves of the Reed College campus in Portland, Oregon, United States. The bridge crosses Reed Lake, located within the 28-acre watershed on campus known as the "canyon"; this includes part of the course of Crystal Springs Creek, a tributary of Johnson Creek.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reed College Canyon )〕 The Blue Bridge, completed in 1992, marks the third in a series of bridges that have been commonly referred to as the "cross canyon bridges", signifying their function on campus. The Blue Bridge replaced the Arthur M. Churchill Memorial Bridge, completed in 1959 as a replacement for a flat wooden bridge constructed in the 1930s. The unique design of the Churchill Memorial Bridge, which was supported by two cantilevers of pre-stressed plywood and covered with a thin canvas membrane, made it the only one of its kind in the world. The canvas membrane was later determined to be too slippery. Replacement of the Churchill Memorial Bridge arose from the Campus Facilities Master Plan, adopted by the City of Portland in 1990. From the designs offered by Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership (now known as ZGF Architects LLP), the Canyon Committee chose a concrete structure, benefits of which included a longer lifespan, lower maintenance costs and the least environmental damage to the canyon during construction. The Blue Bridge received the award for "Excellence in Concrete" from the American Concrete and Aggregate Producers Association. Known for its aesthetics, the bridge is often pictured in catalogs and displays to attract students to the campus. It has served as a meeting place and has been cited as a favorite location on campus by students and faculty. The bridge was featured in the films ''Feast of Love'' (2007) and ''Blue Like Jazz'' (2012). ==Background and development== In the 1930s, a flat wooden bridge was constructed to allow people to cross the lake.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Facilities Services: The Canyon )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reed College Canyon: History of the Reed Canyon )〕 Excavation on the north side of the lake began in 1957 to accommodate the construction of new dormitories.〔 After more than a year's research by an architectural firm and a plywood company,〔 the wooden bridge was replaced in 1959 by the "first official canyon bridge", the Arthur M. Churchill Memorial Bridge.〔 The bridge, more commonly referred to as the Cross Canyon Bridge, was designed by the architectural firm Farnham, Shell & Hoyt and was dedicated in 1958 along with the newly completed dormitories.〔 The bridge was supported by two cantilevers of pre-stressed plywood and was covered with a thin canvas membrane.〔〔 It was long and feet high, with stairs at each end.〔 Its unique design made the bridge the only one of its kind in the world.〔〔 The canvas membrane was later determined to be too slippery.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Facilities Services: Cross Canyon Bridge )〕 Replacement of the Arthur M. Churchill Memorial Bridge arose from the Campus Facilities Master Plan, adopted by the City of Portland in 1990.〔"Reed College Canyon Bridge: Schematic Design Submittal", pg. 3〕 The initial feasibility study offered six replacement options constructed of wood. Reed College's Canyon Committee selected the option which routed access to the north end of the bridge at the lawn south of Chittick dormitory, following the existing alignment between Chittick, Coleman and Woodbridge dormitories. During the schematic design phase, Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership (now known as ZGF Architects LLP) considered four conceptual structures: concrete, steel beam, steel truss and wood. ZGF recommended concrete to the Canyon Committee as offering the longest lifespan, lowest maintenance costs and the least environmental damage to the canyon during construction. The alignment of the north walkway was amended to continue the existing route between Ackerman, Chittick, Coleman and Sisson dormitories, maintaining direct access to the bridge from the north parking lot.〔 The schematic design process for a concrete bridge was further developed to include accessibility for people with disabilities, walkway alignment and environmental restoration. This design was presented to the Reed campus community in November 1990. By January 1991, a construction budget had been developed with a general contractor.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blue Bridge (Oregon)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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